First Component Of My Observation Assignment - 1238 Words

On March 18, 2017, I began the first component of my observation assignment. In contemplating where I was to do my observation, I wanted to find a location with a lot of people, a location that was indoors, and a location that would provide me with a wide point of observation that would allow me to peacefully and conspicuously observe people while taking notes in my notebook. As a result, I decided on the second floor above the lounge area in the Santa Anita mall, located in Arcadia, CA, on a Saturday afternoon. Prior to beginning my observation, I did not expect to be nervous, but as soon as I parked in the parking lot and began making my way to my observation point with my notebook and pens clenched in my hand, feelings of nervousness†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, when people alter their behaviors, it sometimes becomes impossible to know when a person is truly being themselves. This type of â€Å"playing the part† leads into the sociological theory known as Dram aturgy. Dramaturgy was first theorized by Erving Goffman. Goffman believed that people conduct themselves differently in different situations to appear in some way that is advantageous, kind of like actors playing different characters in films. For instance, there was a group of teenagers who were taking lots of pictures with each other. However, one boy was just off to the side calmly looking at his friends. After a few minutes of this, his attitude completely changed, and he jumped into one of the pictures with his friends and began taking more pictures. After they all took pictures, they all left to another part of the mall, and this boy returned back to his calm self. This was a perfect example of someone who was playing the part of appearing more social even though he may not have actually felt that way. In addition, usually at in-door stores and restaurants, dogs, or other pets, are not allowed because they can be messy or impact people’s enjoyment. Whiling observing, t wo women sat down below me in the lounge area. One of the women had a Golden Retriever, but it was not a guide dog, justShow MoreRelatedA Comparison of TASA Model and Danielson ´s Framework for Teaching624 Words   |  3 PagesI found this assignment the most difficult so far in this class. I am glad that I get to write a reflection on the assignment. After reading the professor’s and classmates’ comments along with rereading the text, I realized that I missed part of the correlation of the InTASC model with Danielson’s Framework for Teaching. As a class, we all seemed to agree that there are many similarities between InTASC Model and the Danielson’s Framework for Teaching. Both models purpose is to help teachers andRead MoreCollege Students Do Not Enjoy Writing892 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy before pursuing it. I am familiar with this problem. I began my college journey as a pre-Business Administration student. 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According to Danielson (2008), â€Å"the term evidence is intended to convey the conversations about teaching and must be grounded in actual events, in actions or statements in artifacts, or in decisions a teacher has made† (p. 1). Evidence can come from formal and informal observations, and/or the examination of artifacts. Teacher observations serve as an essential purposeRead MoreThe Danielson Framework For Teaching1378 Words   |  6 PagesDanielson group as â€Å"a research-based set of components of instruction, aligned to the INTASC standards, and grounded in a constructivist view of learning and teaching. The complex activity of teaching is divided into 22 components (and 76 smaller elements) clustered into four domains of teaching responsibility† Each component defines a different aspects of its respective domain. 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Essay on Social Work Methods - 2232 Words

The purpose of this paper is to define, describe and apply social work models to my recent placement experience, and an initial assessment that I observed. My twenty day placement was at a Christian voluntary adoption agency, based in England. They do not have contracts with local authorities in Wales, but do work with them as and when their help in finding potential families to adopt children is required. Although a voluntary agency they work within the Adoption and Children Act 2002, Children Act 2004, Care Standards Act 2000. The prospective adopters approach the agency themselves. The agency offers a non discriminatory approach; they do not judge people by their age, culture, sexual orientation, marital status or ethnicity. There†¦show more content†¦Due to arriving early we parked a small distance away from the property. X may not have been quite ready to see us and we did not want to rush her (Koprowska 2008). We noticed that the property was for sale. The reason for this needed to be established as any uncertainty during the adoption process could be detrimental in having an adoption order granted. On arriving at the property we introduced ourselves and engaged in some small talk mostly about the weather, which was quite nice that day following a prolonged period of snow. Thompson (2003, p.86) refers to small talk as ‘phatic communication.’ On entrance into her home we were asked would we like a drink and invited to sit down. We asked where we were to be seated; this would enable X to identify where she would feel most comfortable during the interview. X also asked us to call her by her first name. My practice teacher chose to sit opposite her, within a comfortable distance. Regular eye contact was made by the practitioner in what appeared to be a non intrusive way. No signs of feeling uncomfortable were displayed by X. No physical barriers were evident. Be they by the behaviour expressed by X or my practitioner, actions that displayed disengagement such as poor eye contact, poor body posture, or by physical barriers caused by room setting (Moss 2008). My practice teacher explained the purpose of the interview, and what would happen after the meeting. She highlighted that if at any time during the processShow MoreRelatedGeneralist Social Work Practice Methods771 Words   |  4 PagesGeneralist Social Work Practice Methods has been an informative course and highly addresses a lot of skills that we will use during our social work careers. Through learning different assessment models, identifying different crisis situations, and discussing several different populations that we w ill work with in the future, I was able to self-reflect on my own personal values and ethics that will allow me to grow as a Social Worker. 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The information gathered is coming from three separate scholarly journal articles, a podcast episode, and the National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics (NASW Code). Keywords: Evidence Based Practice, National Association of Social Workers, Code of Ethics, Social Work, Research,

Classical Management Theorists Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol Free Essays

Management approaches Andrew Vasylenko Scientific advisor – Senior teacher Hvan A. V. Poltava University of Economics and Trade Management in all business areas and organizational activities are the acts of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives efficiently and effectively. We will write a custom essay sample on Classical Management Theorists Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol or any similar topic only for you Order Now Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources. Because organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. There are 6 management approaches, such as: The classical approach The human resource approach The quantitative approach The process approach The contingency approach The system approach 1. Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol were both theorists of the classical management movement. The classical approach was the framework to what management is all about. Therefore it can be said that they laid the foundation for many theorists. Frederick Taylor was an important theorist of the early 20th century and he made many important contributions to management. He proposed the principles of scientific management which he believed would improve industrial efficiency. He believed management could be formulated as a discipline. Taylor’s principles of scientific management focused on cooperation between management and the workers as well as improving the technical skills of the workers. His approach is often referred to scientific management, Taylorism or Taylor’s principles. Fayol’s uggested that there were five main roles of managers, these being planning, organising, commanding, coordinating and controlling. 2. The Human Resources Management function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performer s, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. 3. Quantitative Management (also known as Operations Research) offers a systematic and scientific approach to problem solving and decision making in complex environments and situations of uncertainty and conflict. The discipline is characterised by a search for an optimal (best) answer for a problem by using quantitative (numerical) models. The use of mathematical models enables a decision maker to bett er understand the problems facing him/her and provides a tool for making informed and reasoned judgements. It can be applied in many areas: manufacturing, businesses management, banking, environmental planning, mining, housing and engineering projects, management consultancy – in fact, in every situation where numerical data are available and management or decision making takes place. 4. The process approach is a management strategy. When managers use a process approach, it means that they manage the processes that make up their organization, the interaction between these processes, and the inputs and outputs that glue these processes together. There are 12 typrs of processes: 1. Quality Management Process 2. Resource Management Process 3. Training and Awareness Process 4. Product Purchasing Process 5. Design and Development Process 6. Production Management Process 7. Service Provision Process 8. Product Management Process 9. Customer Relationship Management Process 10. Internal Quality Management Audit Process 11. Monitoring and Measuring Process 12. Management Review Process 5. The contingency approach believes that it is impossible to select one way of managing that works best in all situations like promoted by Taylor. Their approach is to identify the conditions of a task (scientific management school), managerial job (administrative management school) and person (human relations school) as parts of a complete management situation and attempt to integrate them all into a solution which is most appropriate for a specific circumstance. Contingency refers to the immediate (contingent or touching) circumstances. The manager has to systematically try to identify which technique or approach will be the best solution for a problem which exists in a particular circumstance or context. An example of this is the never ending problem of increasing productivity. The different experts would offer the following solutions: Behavioral scientist: create a climate which is psychologically motivating; Classical management approach: create a new incentive scheme; Contingency approach: both ideas are viable and it depends on the possible fit of each solution with the goals, structure and resources of the organization. 6. Applying the principle of system approach to management typically leads to: – Structuring a system to achieve the organization’s objectives in the most effective and efficient way. Understanding the interdependencies between the processes of the system. – Structured approaches that harmonize and integrate processes. – Providing a better understanding of the roles and responsibilities necessary for achieving common objectives and thereby reducing cross-functional barriers. – Understanding organizational capabilities and establ ishing resource constraints prior to action. – Targeting and defining how specific activities within a system should operate. – Continually improving the system through measurement and evaluation. How to cite Classical Management Theorists Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol, Papers

An Overview of Genre Films Essay Example For Students

An Overview of Genre Films Essay Since the turn of the 21st Century, the Hollywood film industry has produced a vast number of motion pictures that can be classified as â€Å"genre films. Each of these genre films follow a similar method of narrative elements that is specific to a particular theme and setting in which the storys plot is built upon and revolves around. For todays adolescents, the high school drama type genre film is a popular choice as this type of genre film is a brew of romance, comedy, drama, with an added aspect of being relatable to their current stage in life. Many teens find interest and will divulge in such a genre of film because because of their emotional connection to the characters in the plot. In many cases the high school adolescence will feel an attachment to the main character who is oppressed in the movie (as this is a feeling that is common in adolescence teens while they partake in the typical, never-ending quest for acceptance by other peers) but in the ends reaches the pinnacle of high school hierarchy due to plot events. However this aspect of relatability is dubious to say the least because it is rare that high school drama genre films portray the reality of a high school in the twenty first century. As David Denby, the author of High-School Confidential: Notes on Teen Movies, states, â€Å"genre films dramatize not what happens but how things feel fix subjectivity into fable. † Incidental, high school drama genre films only strive to provide emotional satisfaction to the audience and do not portray reality. The most well-known character of any high school drama is the young and popular high school diva. She has the figure of a barbie doll but the tongue of a lashing serpent. She is universally hated by the audience of the film and in many movies is the antagonist in the plot. Her male counterpart is an athlete, usually a football player that, although well built and handsome, lacks common-sense or an average level of intelligence. This typical character is usually just as disliked as the high school diva and like diva reeks havoc to other students by unleashing multitudes of distasteful pranks. Finally the third main character in the film, usually the â€Å"relatable† protagonist, is a girl or a boy that is being oppressed by the harsh social hierarchy that is implemented in the plot. Such a caustic social system, although emotionally appealing to the audience, does not reflect todays high school structure. Denby states that such as structure is only imaginable if high school memorials were â€Å"emotionally colored. â€Å"At there is no unitary system of status† (Denby). At an actual high school there is the aspect of many various social groups allowing each students to have self identity and acceptance. In the high school portrayed by the high school drama genre film there is a lack of the notion of many groups or cliches of acceptance. In the plot the protagonist on seeks to gain acceptance of the entire school, which appears to be dominated by only few social groups. In reality each school has a number of social groups that a students would fit into that would alleviate the problem of attempted to be accepted by all students of the school. In a study conducted in 2004 by Jason K. Miller , three high school were studied as to gain an understanding and a comparison of high school community in suburban locals, rural locations, and urban locations in the lower Midwest United States. In the subsection discussing the social groups of each high school the following observations were collected. In the suburban high school the reported social groups included jocks, academic, Goths, high economic, redneck, and band and choir. It was also reported that the â€Å"jock† and â€Å"academic† social groups â€Å"received the most perceived benefits occupied the top two places in the hierarchy of the school (Miller 157). In the rural high school is the social groups reported were the jocks, country, uninvolved, and the Goths. .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041 , .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041 .postImageUrl , .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041 , .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041:hover , .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041:visited , .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041:active { border:0!important; } .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041:active , .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041 .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf057aab689f59792cb05d6143a39d041:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Movie Summary - Swing Kids EssayHere the jocks received the highest respect, popularity, admiration, and recognition once again. In the urban high school the social groups were athletes, African Americans, Whites, and Hispanics. Here its is interesting to note that students of the urbane high school do not primarily group themselves bases on activity but rather bases on race. Once again the athlete social group received the most perceived social and academic benefits and were placed at an elevated social level. From the previous data the following conclusions can be drawn.

Abortion Essays - Abortion, Abortion Debate, Right To Life

Abortion In our society, there are many ethical dilemmas that we are faced with that are virtually impossible to solve. One of the most difficult and controversial issues that we are faced with is abortion. There are many strong arguments both for and against the right to have an abortion which are so complicated that it becomes impossible to resolve. The complexity of this issue lies in the different aspects of the argument. The essence of a person, rights, and who is entitled to these rights, are a few of the many aspects which are very difficult to define. There are also issues of what circumstances would justify abortion. Because the issue of abortion is virtually impossible to solve, all one can hope to do is understand the different aspects of the argument so that if he or she is faced with that issue in their own lives, they would be able to make educated and thoughtful decisions in dealing with it. The definition of a person is an aspect of the abortion issue which raises some very difficult questions. Is an unborn baby a person? When does the unborn baby become a person? This is a difficult question because in order for one to answer it, he must define the essence of a person. When describing the essence of something, one needs to describe the necessary and sufficient conditions of that thing. So how does one define the essence of a person? Kant describes a person as a rational being. Some people define the essence of a person from more of a biological standpoint. Nevertheless, defining the essence of a person is a very difficult thing for a group of people to agree on. One's own definition of a person would most likely greatly impact his opinion on whether abortion is morally justified or not. This becomes even more complicated when one takes into account potentiality. This raises the question of whether the fetus is an actual person or a potential person. Many would argue that a fetus is a potential person because it is has the potential to become what it is not yet. However, does a potential person have potential rights? An example was used: does a potential doctor have the rights of a licensed doctor? When one is describing potentiality, All he is really describing is what that thing is not. By declaring that a fetus is a potential person, one is also stating that a fetus is not a person. As one can see, this issue of the essence of a person and whether a fetus is a person is a very complicated one. This becomes seven more complicated if one takes into account the issue of rights. Now, the concept of human rights, that is to say, what American society dictates as human rights, conflicts heavily with itself. On one hand, we form a deep and heavy opinion on one's right to life. On the other, we hold an equally strong opinion on one's freedom to live that life as they please. American society by and large has a firm belief in an individuals right to live. Therefore, if one comes to the conclusion that a fetus actually is a person, then that fetus should receive the protection to it's right to live, as much as you or I. This society also holds the firm belief in one's right to the sovereignty of his or her own body, equal to that of one's right to live. In this case, it is imperative that we understand what liberties we can and cannot take upon ourselves concerning our lives. Case in point, suicide. Society dictates what we are allowed to do, and how we are allowed to live, by law. Most of American laws are written to preserve one's rights to individuality, and one's right to take the liberty to live their lives as they see fit. However, laws are also written to undermine those who's actions compromise the liberties and freedoms of other individuals, thus protecting the concepts and ideals of agency and liberty. Based on our society's laws, essentially, we believe that what you do to yourself is your choice, and is accepted by law, so long as it doesn't stop or impede the lives and freedoms of others. The difficulty in this dilemma lies within the question of whether an abortion falls into a category of protection of a woman's right's over the sovereignty of her own body, or whether it

Indus Valley Civilization disappearance essays

Indus Valley Civilization disappearance essays There are some theories to explain how the Indus Valley Civilization ended. One theory is by the first excavators, which is that because the Indus Valley Civilization was not warlike society, it was ended by the Aryan invasion. There is no perfect proof to show it really happened but excavators found Jewries left as they were hidden from somebody, skeletons with no head-part, dead bodies in one place as they were hiding and so on. Other theories were by later excavators. One is that flooding caused disappearance of Indus Civilization. Flooding put the end to their agriculture and because their living was depended on agriculture, the Civilization was ended. Another theory is that because the Indus Valley Civilization was growing and population was growing, they needed more bricks to build houses. To make bricks, they needed more woods and they cut down too much trees and they could no longer support their needs. Whatever the reason of the disappearance was, culture in the Indus Valley Civilization was changed. The reason of the culture change could be new people came in or change of people fs thought had changed. Excavators found out that bricks made before the disappearance and after the disappearance was very different. The quality of bricks got worse after the disappearance. Another thing was that before the disappearance, people used to be buried but after, dead bodies were cremated. Because of these factors, it might be the change of the people who lived there. ...

Health information manager in a hospital setting Case Study

Health information manager in a hospital setting - Case Study Example As I health manager, I find it hard to deploy the EHR system because of two conflicting forces, namely: technology and law. According to McWay (2010), the law that we have cannot go with the same pace as the advances made in technology (147) which would always make the implementation of EHR system so complicated. The EHR system will make the delivery of care efficient, up to date, and accessible and will benefit both the patient and the institution. However, it is what is inside the EHR and its accessibility that are being protected by the federal regulations, accrediting and institutional standards, and professional guidelines. Therefore, as a health manager, I believe that it would be unethical to my profession and illegal to implement something in a rush that has not been approved or incompliance with applicable federal and security standards. As a health manager, we have to study the different regulations and the EHR implementing guidelines of the institution before we proceed on the project. According to Sittig & Singh (2011), a number of ethical issues are being linked to the adoption of EHR in the health care setting, among of which include: ownership of protected health information, potential for privacy breaches, and appropriateness of current methods to address these breaches (1044). In general, we should consider the harm that it may cause the patients when information are leaked to unconcerned individuals. The main question to ask is, â€Å"Are we willing to take the risks of exposing our patients’ identities or health information for the sake of efficiency and accessibility†? or â€Å"Are we equipped enough with the right people, enough resources, and appropriate technology to protect their privacy and be inclined with federal laws†? Decisions cannot be made on a â€Å"click† of a finger; thus, requires thorough planning and careful evaluation that weigh out circumstances. We cannot make law creation or amendments go

Discuss comfort zone and phase theories in business environment Essay

Discuss comfort zone and phase theories in business environment - Essay Example In performance management, motivation and anxiety are useful tools which are of great help since both are behaviorally subsets of stress. Both anxiety and motivation are constructive in different circumstances. In a certain scenario, introduction of anxiety might be appropriate while in another case, motivation may be most suitable. However, when excessive motivation or anxiety is used, it may decelerate performance because of too much stress. In order to be able to maximize performance in a given team or individuals an organization uses the appropriate management style in the various phases. If inappropriate management style is put to use on matters of people management, it may result to very poor performance. When utilizing performance enhancing steps, the new performance cycle should be at the point where the older cycle began to decelerate. The comfort zone The comfort zone is known to be a state of behavior whereby, an individual operates in a condition which is anxiety- neutral . In this state, an individual strives to deliver a level of performance which remains steady while using a limited set of behaviors without any sense of risk. This means that the level of performance remains constant as long as the anxiety or the applied skills does not change. In case the skills applied or the anxiety is altered, the end result will be either an upward or downwards change in the level of performance. The impact of anxiety on performance was investigated by Yerkes and Dodson. They found out that performance can be improved by anxiety to a point where, a given level of arousal has been reached (attained). However, performance begins to drop as the levels of anxiety gets higher and higher. The conclusion is that performance may be improved by increase in anxiety, but performance may also decrease when anxiety becomes excess (intolerable). In either case, an individual will be forced to move out their comfort zone and react to new stimuli. In terms of performance mana gement, improvement of performance as a result of increased anxiety is a good thing and is normally referred to a state of arousal. This state of arousal is defined as being the optimal performance zone, which all managers should strive to achieve to improve performance in their companies. However, the level of anxiety that causes performance deterioration is defined as being a good thing or danger zone. The research conducted by McCelland, Atkinson et al, on motivation illustrated the same relationship between motivation and performance. Carnall, when dealing with management of change came up with the correlation between individual’s performance and their own self esteem. Considering stress Carnall found out that stress increases an individual’s performance until a given level is attained. Beyond this given level, performance decelerates with increase levels of stress introduced to a worker. This continues until a given level where performance can enter into a free fa ll as behavior becomes unstable. The following model is developed from the above conclusion. The smallest circle illustrates the comfort zone, while the larger circle illustrates the optimal performance zone. Outside the two ovals is the danger zone that stress can lead an employee to. This illustrates that in a comfort zone, a slight increase in anxiety can bring an individual to a danger zone, however,

The effects of mobile devices on cybersecurity Essay

The effects of mobile devices on cybersecurity - Essay Example The development of the mobile technology has significantly changed the way people live. It played a notable role in making modern life convenient and flexible. The mobile technology grew rapidly that it took hardly ten years to enter the mainstream use, and, when compared to the growth of telephones this growth was unusually fast. According to Cisco’s 2013 global mobile data forecast (2014), today the number of mobile devices equals the number of humans on the planet. The mobile technology fact sheet published by the Pew Research Center (2014) indicates that 90% of American adults own a cell phone, 58% of them own a smartphone, 32% own an e-reader, and 42% own a tablet computer. It is interesting to note that 67% of cell phone users check their phones frequently for calls, messages, or other alerts when while their phones do not ring or vibrate. There are another 44% of cell users sleeping with their phones next to the bed so as to make sure that they do not miss any call, mes sage, or update. The fact sheet also reflects that 29% of cell users consider their cell phone as â€Å"something they cannot imagine living without† (The mobile technology fact sheet, Pew Research Center, 2014). The term cybersecurity refers to the process of providing security to devices such as computers, cell phones, smartphones, and tablets, as well as the whole internet. In the current world, promoting cybersecurity is of great importance because modern people increasingly depend on computer networks to store and transfer their confidential data/information. Magid (2014) says that since such sensitive personal data is exposed to computer networks, hackers or other cyber criminals may intrude into the privacy of network users and empty their bank account if proper cybersecurity measures are not in place. Business enterprises are no exception to such cyber challenges. Hence,

Procter Gamble P And G Marketing Essay

Procter Gamble P And G Marketing Essay Procter and Gamble (PG) was formed by William Procter a candle maker and James Gamble a soap marker on the 31st of October 1837. It is an American multination consumer good manufacture and one of the largest in the world. It has its headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio USA and manufactures products ranging from beauty and grooming, pet food and household and fabric care, baby and family home care products. Between 1858 and 1859, PG had about 80 staffs and their sales reached $1million. It won several contacts from the Union Army during the American Civil War to supply candles and soap. Apart from the profit it made during the civil war, it expanded it market by introducing military personals all over the country to PG products. Operation and brands In recent years, PG and become an international corporation be acquiring different companies. PG became an international corporation in 1930 after the acquisition of Thomas Hedley Co based in England. It introduces several new brand names and products like Tide detergent in 1946, Prell Shampoo in 1946 and the first tooth paste to contain fluoride branded Crest in 1955. PG purchased Charmin paper mill in 1957 and started marking products paper products like toilet rolls (Charming). Procter and Gamble operates in about 80 countries and is well known in about 180 countries. It has 50 brands which most of them are well-known products. These brands amounts more than 90% of PGs sales and profit. 26 of its leadership brands produces more than a $1billon each in net annual sales. (PG, 2012). Some of PGs strongest brands includes Always, Ariel detergent, Bounty, Charmin, Crest, Downy, Gillete, Lams, Olay, Pampers, Pantene, and Tide. It used to produce food and beverage products prior to the sales of Pringles to Kellogg Company for $2.7 billion in 2012. Pringles was one of PGs major revenue driver with a sales of about $1.5 billion yearly. It was the only food business after the sales of Jif peanut butter and Folgers coffee to Smuckers in recent years. PG is no longer in the food business, it is laying more focus on personal care and beauty products. (Reuters, 2012) Manufacturing Operation PG manufacturing operation spread around 5 different regions. (PG, 2012) Regions Details Regional Headquarter Countries Asia The world faster growing economy and home to over 3 billion customers Singapore China, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, India, Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Bangladesh Central Eastern Europe, Middle East And Africa (CEEMEA). PGs largest Geographic regions. Geneva, Switzerland The Balkans, Central Europe North, Central Europe South, Eastern Europe, Middle East, Sub Sahara, Turkey/Caucasia And Central Asian Republic. Latin America With presence dated back to 60 years. Panama City 14 Countries North America Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Over 25 manufacturing plants Western Europe With presence dated back to 1930. PG has presence in ever western European country. Geneva, Switzerland 4 Countries. United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany and Italy Procter Gamble recorded a sales of $83.68 billion in 2012 and was listed on the spot of Global Top Companies for leaders in Fortune Magazine. It is also at fifth place of the Worlds Most Admired Companies list and named the overall best company for leadership development on the list of the 2012s 40 Best Companies for Leaders by Chief Executive Magazine. It has also received several awards which includes the Worlds Most Admired Companies and Top MBA Employers from Fortune, Worlds Most Respected Companies from Barrons, Best Place to Work from Glassdoor.com, and The Worlds Most Attractive Employers from Universum. (PG, 2013). Case Study Overview. In recent Years, PG has been us The environment is everything happening in the world outside that There are numerous factors that affects the decisions of managers of a company. Examples of macro environments are new laws and government policies, trade barriers, tax changes, social changes. To help examine these factors, I would be using the most popular external environment analysing model known as PESTEL which stand for political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal and ecological environment (thus the acronym PESTEL). This coursework will focus on the macro (external) and micro (internal) environments that have major impacts on Procter and Gamble. A PESTEL analysis on PG will be done to the macro environment. Analyse the macro business environment in respect of PG group and identify the factors that will have significant impact on Groups business. The success of any company does not reply only on the efficiency and management methods of the company. There are other factors involved the market performance. The macro environment contains the external and uncontainable influence that might affect the market performance, strategies and decision making of the company. As Baines (2011) describe: The operating environment for all organisations is never static and seldom entirely predictable, and can therefore profoundly affect a companys course of action. Strategic management experts stated that for a company to achieve a competitive advantage, its needs to follow strategies that develops existing capabilities, resources and formulate strategies that develops extra capabilities, resources. (Hill Jones, 2010) PESTLE Analysis All combined the macro environment factors analysis will be known as PESTEL. Macro environment factors are beyond the control of an organization. This is because those factors are    positioned outside the organisational system. Those forces are the prime factors in corporate strategization i.e. determining the objectives of an organisation, its drive for profits, its projection for future sales as well as a protection step in preventing any losses or problems. According to Lowe and Marriott (2006,p. 181),macro factors are the major trends Strengths Verities of business segments (6 operating segments). One of PGs major strength is the large scale on which it operates. It produces over 300 different product and leading globally in different categories of products like beauty and health, fabric, baby, personal and home care products sold in about 180 counties in the world. PG strong brand man is one of the most successful due to its solid branding. Most of PGs products are not for all seasons Leading globally in detergent, diapers, care products. Has industry experience of over 170-year, international operations for over 25 years and extensive experience in personal and oral hygiene products. PG is one of the world best marketers has it has a wide experience in marketing in different market sectors. The acquisitions of leading of beauty and health care companies in the products in Europe. High gross profit margin. PGs profit margin is 15 times the industry average. P G is known for investing greatly in research and development for improving and developing new products. Weaknesses Ability to achieve business objectives dependent on how well can respond to local and global competitors Face risks with significant international operations A failure of a key information technology system, process or site could have a material adverse impact on our business Price paid for commodities and other materials subject to fluctuation 7 Production cost Production capacity for the demand on the first years. Leads times for alternative pack sizes and designs. Work capacity. Different culture, wants and needs of customers. Unable to protect imitation PGs innovative products and marketing strategies of competition Competitors had pre-empted them in national markets where the local subsidiary was constrained by budget or organizational limitations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Many of the top brands of P G are losing their market share rapidly. In online media leadership and presence P G is lagging behind. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The beauty and health products by P G are mostly for women. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ P G does not make and offer any private label products for the retail customers and is, missing an opportunity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The large scale operation of the company makes the culture heavy and processes slow. This also leads to quality control problems. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ P G does not divest its weak or poor brands. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The major customers of P G are located at some of the places and it concentrates heavily as them. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ When P G acquired Clairol business in year 2001, it was unable to grow this business. The Clairol Herbal Essence brand failed to enter new markets as the market had access to better and innovative products. This shows weakness of P G in the beauty care division. Opportunities  · Research and development efforts ($2001 million spent on RD in 2011) to develop technology and obtain patents  · Worldwide reach and potential to expand into even more countries The growth of the shampoo and conditioner market. The increase of hair washing products. The undeveloped conditioner market in Europe. The experience and the leader positioning of the new companies that PG bought. The Know-how of the success of Pert Plus in the US market à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ An opportunity for P G is health and beauty products for men. With the acquisition of Gillette, the company now has several growth opportunities in this market segment. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ P G has doubled its Environmental Goals for the year 2012 and thus, promises more value for the environment concerned customers today. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Using the online social networks and internet marketing techniques is also an opportunity for P G. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Divest brands that are not in accordance or do not meet P Gs long-term goals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Company is constantly trying to pursue growth overseas. Threats  · A material change in consumer demand for products could have a significant impact on business  · Business is subject to legislation, regulation, and enforcement in the U.S. and abroad The number of suppliers and brands, the European market was even more crowed as US. The top and bottom price classes was even bigger than the US. Difference between prices for the same quality. Many important competitors. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There is a cut throat competition in the fast moving consumers goods markets today. Companies like Kimberly Clark, Unilever, Johnsons Johnsons and Colgate-Palmolive etc pose a serious threat to itsmarket share in different countries. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The competitors are making their product portfolios diverse day b day and using different marketing and promotional strategies to increase their market share. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In the market many substitutes are available for P G products at cheaper prices. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The private label growth is also a serious threat to the P Gs market share. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Due to recession, the consumer spending has decreased globally. Also, the prices for raw materials are increasing so cost to the company is increasing http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/15/us-kellogg-pringles-idUSTRE81E0S620120215

Irony in Guests of the Nation Essay -- Guests of the Nation Essays

Irony in Guests of the Nation      Ã‚   In the short story, "Guests of the Nation," Frank O'Connor uses irony to illustrate the conflict which men face when their roles as combatants force them to disregard the humanity of their enemies. In both life and literature, irony exists when there is a contrast between expectation and reality. Verbal irony is defined as "a figure of speech in which the actual intent is expressed in words which carry the opposite meaning" (Thrall 248). In dramatic irony there is a contrast between a character's perception of a situation and the actual facts. Often "some of the actors on the stage or some of the characters in a story are 'blind' to facts known to the spectator or reader" (155) . The short story "Guests of the Nation" by Frank O'Connor illustrates both types of irony.    The title of the story, "Guests of the Nation," is an example of verbal irony. In the story, the two Englishmen, Belcher and Hawkens, are not "guests," but rather prisoners of the Irish soldiers, Jeremiah Donovan, Noble, and the narrator, Bonaparte. The contrast between their "real" status as prisoners and their "apparent" role as guests is developed throughout the story. The narrator says that "I couldn't at the time see the point of me and Noble guarding Belcher and Hawkins at all, for it was my belief that you could have planted that pair down anywhere from this to Claregalway and they'd have taken root there like a native weed" (591). Thus it was obvious that the men had no intention of trying to escape; they were behaving like guests. Because of the contented, nonthreatening demeanor of the two men, Bonaparte says that "after the first day or two we gave up all pretense of keeping a close e... ... Belcher and Hawkins remain at ease, thinking themselves safe. In the end both Hawkins' futile appeal to the friendship of his "chums" and Belcher's resignation serve to emphasize the horror of the executions.    Thus, in "Guests of the Nation," Frank O'Connor uses irony to illustrate the conflict that soldiers feel when they recognize the humanity of their enemies and yet they are compelled to kill them. O'Connor suggests the soul destroying impact of the conflict in his final words: "And anything that happened to me afterwards, I never felt the same about again" (598).    Sources Cited: Thrall, William flint, Addison Hibbard, and Hugh Holman. A Handbook to Literature. New York: Odyssey, 1960. O'Connor, Frank. "Guests of the Nation." Literature for Composition. 4th ed. Sylvan Barnet, et. al. New York: Harper Collins, 1996. 590-598.