Abortion Essays - Abortion, Abortion Debate, Right To Life

Abortion In our society, there are many ethical dilemmas that we are faced with that are virtually impossible to solve. One of the most difficult and controversial issues that we are faced with is abortion. There are many strong arguments both for and against the right to have an abortion which are so complicated that it becomes impossible to resolve. The complexity of this issue lies in the different aspects of the argument. The essence of a person, rights, and who is entitled to these rights, are a few of the many aspects which are very difficult to define. There are also issues of what circumstances would justify abortion. Because the issue of abortion is virtually impossible to solve, all one can hope to do is understand the different aspects of the argument so that if he or she is faced with that issue in their own lives, they would be able to make educated and thoughtful decisions in dealing with it. The definition of a person is an aspect of the abortion issue which raises some very difficult questions. Is an unborn baby a person? When does the unborn baby become a person? This is a difficult question because in order for one to answer it, he must define the essence of a person. When describing the essence of something, one needs to describe the necessary and sufficient conditions of that thing. So how does one define the essence of a person? Kant describes a person as a rational being. Some people define the essence of a person from more of a biological standpoint. Nevertheless, defining the essence of a person is a very difficult thing for a group of people to agree on. One's own definition of a person would most likely greatly impact his opinion on whether abortion is morally justified or not. This becomes even more complicated when one takes into account potentiality. This raises the question of whether the fetus is an actual person or a potential person. Many would argue that a fetus is a potential person because it is has the potential to become what it is not yet. However, does a potential person have potential rights? An example was used: does a potential doctor have the rights of a licensed doctor? When one is describing potentiality, All he is really describing is what that thing is not. By declaring that a fetus is a potential person, one is also stating that a fetus is not a person. As one can see, this issue of the essence of a person and whether a fetus is a person is a very complicated one. This becomes seven more complicated if one takes into account the issue of rights. Now, the concept of human rights, that is to say, what American society dictates as human rights, conflicts heavily with itself. On one hand, we form a deep and heavy opinion on one's right to life. On the other, we hold an equally strong opinion on one's freedom to live that life as they please. American society by and large has a firm belief in an individuals right to live. Therefore, if one comes to the conclusion that a fetus actually is a person, then that fetus should receive the protection to it's right to live, as much as you or I. This society also holds the firm belief in one's right to the sovereignty of his or her own body, equal to that of one's right to live. In this case, it is imperative that we understand what liberties we can and cannot take upon ourselves concerning our lives. Case in point, suicide. Society dictates what we are allowed to do, and how we are allowed to live, by law. Most of American laws are written to preserve one's rights to individuality, and one's right to take the liberty to live their lives as they see fit. However, laws are also written to undermine those who's actions compromise the liberties and freedoms of other individuals, thus protecting the concepts and ideals of agency and liberty. Based on our society's laws, essentially, we believe that what you do to yourself is your choice, and is accepted by law, so long as it doesn't stop or impede the lives and freedoms of others. The difficulty in this dilemma lies within the question of whether an abortion falls into a category of protection of a woman's right's over the sovereignty of her own body, or whether it

Indus Valley Civilization disappearance essays

Indus Valley Civilization disappearance essays There are some theories to explain how the Indus Valley Civilization ended. One theory is by the first excavators, which is that because the Indus Valley Civilization was not warlike society, it was ended by the Aryan invasion. There is no perfect proof to show it really happened but excavators found Jewries left as they were hidden from somebody, skeletons with no head-part, dead bodies in one place as they were hiding and so on. Other theories were by later excavators. One is that flooding caused disappearance of Indus Civilization. Flooding put the end to their agriculture and because their living was depended on agriculture, the Civilization was ended. Another theory is that because the Indus Valley Civilization was growing and population was growing, they needed more bricks to build houses. To make bricks, they needed more woods and they cut down too much trees and they could no longer support their needs. Whatever the reason of the disappearance was, culture in the Indus Valley Civilization was changed. The reason of the culture change could be new people came in or change of people fs thought had changed. Excavators found out that bricks made before the disappearance and after the disappearance was very different. The quality of bricks got worse after the disappearance. Another thing was that before the disappearance, people used to be buried but after, dead bodies were cremated. Because of these factors, it might be the change of the people who lived there. ...

Health information manager in a hospital setting Case Study

Health information manager in a hospital setting - Case Study Example As I health manager, I find it hard to deploy the EHR system because of two conflicting forces, namely: technology and law. According to McWay (2010), the law that we have cannot go with the same pace as the advances made in technology (147) which would always make the implementation of EHR system so complicated. The EHR system will make the delivery of care efficient, up to date, and accessible and will benefit both the patient and the institution. However, it is what is inside the EHR and its accessibility that are being protected by the federal regulations, accrediting and institutional standards, and professional guidelines. Therefore, as a health manager, I believe that it would be unethical to my profession and illegal to implement something in a rush that has not been approved or incompliance with applicable federal and security standards. As a health manager, we have to study the different regulations and the EHR implementing guidelines of the institution before we proceed on the project. According to Sittig & Singh (2011), a number of ethical issues are being linked to the adoption of EHR in the health care setting, among of which include: ownership of protected health information, potential for privacy breaches, and appropriateness of current methods to address these breaches (1044). In general, we should consider the harm that it may cause the patients when information are leaked to unconcerned individuals. The main question to ask is, â€Å"Are we willing to take the risks of exposing our patients’ identities or health information for the sake of efficiency and accessibility†? or â€Å"Are we equipped enough with the right people, enough resources, and appropriate technology to protect their privacy and be inclined with federal laws†? Decisions cannot be made on a â€Å"click† of a finger; thus, requires thorough planning and careful evaluation that weigh out circumstances. We cannot make law creation or amendments go

Discuss comfort zone and phase theories in business environment Essay

Discuss comfort zone and phase theories in business environment - Essay Example In performance management, motivation and anxiety are useful tools which are of great help since both are behaviorally subsets of stress. Both anxiety and motivation are constructive in different circumstances. In a certain scenario, introduction of anxiety might be appropriate while in another case, motivation may be most suitable. However, when excessive motivation or anxiety is used, it may decelerate performance because of too much stress. In order to be able to maximize performance in a given team or individuals an organization uses the appropriate management style in the various phases. If inappropriate management style is put to use on matters of people management, it may result to very poor performance. When utilizing performance enhancing steps, the new performance cycle should be at the point where the older cycle began to decelerate. The comfort zone The comfort zone is known to be a state of behavior whereby, an individual operates in a condition which is anxiety- neutral . In this state, an individual strives to deliver a level of performance which remains steady while using a limited set of behaviors without any sense of risk. This means that the level of performance remains constant as long as the anxiety or the applied skills does not change. In case the skills applied or the anxiety is altered, the end result will be either an upward or downwards change in the level of performance. The impact of anxiety on performance was investigated by Yerkes and Dodson. They found out that performance can be improved by anxiety to a point where, a given level of arousal has been reached (attained). However, performance begins to drop as the levels of anxiety gets higher and higher. The conclusion is that performance may be improved by increase in anxiety, but performance may also decrease when anxiety becomes excess (intolerable). In either case, an individual will be forced to move out their comfort zone and react to new stimuli. In terms of performance mana gement, improvement of performance as a result of increased anxiety is a good thing and is normally referred to a state of arousal. This state of arousal is defined as being the optimal performance zone, which all managers should strive to achieve to improve performance in their companies. However, the level of anxiety that causes performance deterioration is defined as being a good thing or danger zone. The research conducted by McCelland, Atkinson et al, on motivation illustrated the same relationship between motivation and performance. Carnall, when dealing with management of change came up with the correlation between individual’s performance and their own self esteem. Considering stress Carnall found out that stress increases an individual’s performance until a given level is attained. Beyond this given level, performance decelerates with increase levels of stress introduced to a worker. This continues until a given level where performance can enter into a free fa ll as behavior becomes unstable. The following model is developed from the above conclusion. The smallest circle illustrates the comfort zone, while the larger circle illustrates the optimal performance zone. Outside the two ovals is the danger zone that stress can lead an employee to. This illustrates that in a comfort zone, a slight increase in anxiety can bring an individual to a danger zone, however,

The effects of mobile devices on cybersecurity Essay

The effects of mobile devices on cybersecurity - Essay Example The development of the mobile technology has significantly changed the way people live. It played a notable role in making modern life convenient and flexible. The mobile technology grew rapidly that it took hardly ten years to enter the mainstream use, and, when compared to the growth of telephones this growth was unusually fast. According to Cisco’s 2013 global mobile data forecast (2014), today the number of mobile devices equals the number of humans on the planet. The mobile technology fact sheet published by the Pew Research Center (2014) indicates that 90% of American adults own a cell phone, 58% of them own a smartphone, 32% own an e-reader, and 42% own a tablet computer. It is interesting to note that 67% of cell phone users check their phones frequently for calls, messages, or other alerts when while their phones do not ring or vibrate. There are another 44% of cell users sleeping with their phones next to the bed so as to make sure that they do not miss any call, mes sage, or update. The fact sheet also reflects that 29% of cell users consider their cell phone as â€Å"something they cannot imagine living without† (The mobile technology fact sheet, Pew Research Center, 2014). The term cybersecurity refers to the process of providing security to devices such as computers, cell phones, smartphones, and tablets, as well as the whole internet. In the current world, promoting cybersecurity is of great importance because modern people increasingly depend on computer networks to store and transfer their confidential data/information. Magid (2014) says that since such sensitive personal data is exposed to computer networks, hackers or other cyber criminals may intrude into the privacy of network users and empty their bank account if proper cybersecurity measures are not in place. Business enterprises are no exception to such cyber challenges. Hence,

Procter Gamble P And G Marketing Essay

Procter Gamble P And G Marketing Essay Procter and Gamble (PG) was formed by William Procter a candle maker and James Gamble a soap marker on the 31st of October 1837. It is an American multination consumer good manufacture and one of the largest in the world. It has its headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio USA and manufactures products ranging from beauty and grooming, pet food and household and fabric care, baby and family home care products. Between 1858 and 1859, PG had about 80 staffs and their sales reached $1million. It won several contacts from the Union Army during the American Civil War to supply candles and soap. Apart from the profit it made during the civil war, it expanded it market by introducing military personals all over the country to PG products. Operation and brands In recent years, PG and become an international corporation be acquiring different companies. PG became an international corporation in 1930 after the acquisition of Thomas Hedley Co based in England. It introduces several new brand names and products like Tide detergent in 1946, Prell Shampoo in 1946 and the first tooth paste to contain fluoride branded Crest in 1955. PG purchased Charmin paper mill in 1957 and started marking products paper products like toilet rolls (Charming). Procter and Gamble operates in about 80 countries and is well known in about 180 countries. It has 50 brands which most of them are well-known products. These brands amounts more than 90% of PGs sales and profit. 26 of its leadership brands produces more than a $1billon each in net annual sales. (PG, 2012). Some of PGs strongest brands includes Always, Ariel detergent, Bounty, Charmin, Crest, Downy, Gillete, Lams, Olay, Pampers, Pantene, and Tide. It used to produce food and beverage products prior to the sales of Pringles to Kellogg Company for $2.7 billion in 2012. Pringles was one of PGs major revenue driver with a sales of about $1.5 billion yearly. It was the only food business after the sales of Jif peanut butter and Folgers coffee to Smuckers in recent years. PG is no longer in the food business, it is laying more focus on personal care and beauty products. (Reuters, 2012) Manufacturing Operation PG manufacturing operation spread around 5 different regions. (PG, 2012) Regions Details Regional Headquarter Countries Asia The world faster growing economy and home to over 3 billion customers Singapore China, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, India, Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Bangladesh Central Eastern Europe, Middle East And Africa (CEEMEA). PGs largest Geographic regions. Geneva, Switzerland The Balkans, Central Europe North, Central Europe South, Eastern Europe, Middle East, Sub Sahara, Turkey/Caucasia And Central Asian Republic. Latin America With presence dated back to 60 years. Panama City 14 Countries North America Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Over 25 manufacturing plants Western Europe With presence dated back to 1930. PG has presence in ever western European country. Geneva, Switzerland 4 Countries. United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany and Italy Procter Gamble recorded a sales of $83.68 billion in 2012 and was listed on the spot of Global Top Companies for leaders in Fortune Magazine. It is also at fifth place of the Worlds Most Admired Companies list and named the overall best company for leadership development on the list of the 2012s 40 Best Companies for Leaders by Chief Executive Magazine. It has also received several awards which includes the Worlds Most Admired Companies and Top MBA Employers from Fortune, Worlds Most Respected Companies from Barrons, Best Place to Work from Glassdoor.com, and The Worlds Most Attractive Employers from Universum. (PG, 2013). Case Study Overview. In recent Years, PG has been us The environment is everything happening in the world outside that There are numerous factors that affects the decisions of managers of a company. Examples of macro environments are new laws and government policies, trade barriers, tax changes, social changes. To help examine these factors, I would be using the most popular external environment analysing model known as PESTEL which stand for political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal and ecological environment (thus the acronym PESTEL). This coursework will focus on the macro (external) and micro (internal) environments that have major impacts on Procter and Gamble. A PESTEL analysis on PG will be done to the macro environment. Analyse the macro business environment in respect of PG group and identify the factors that will have significant impact on Groups business. The success of any company does not reply only on the efficiency and management methods of the company. There are other factors involved the market performance. The macro environment contains the external and uncontainable influence that might affect the market performance, strategies and decision making of the company. As Baines (2011) describe: The operating environment for all organisations is never static and seldom entirely predictable, and can therefore profoundly affect a companys course of action. Strategic management experts stated that for a company to achieve a competitive advantage, its needs to follow strategies that develops existing capabilities, resources and formulate strategies that develops extra capabilities, resources. (Hill Jones, 2010) PESTLE Analysis All combined the macro environment factors analysis will be known as PESTEL. Macro environment factors are beyond the control of an organization. This is because those factors are    positioned outside the organisational system. Those forces are the prime factors in corporate strategization i.e. determining the objectives of an organisation, its drive for profits, its projection for future sales as well as a protection step in preventing any losses or problems. According to Lowe and Marriott (2006,p. 181),macro factors are the major trends Strengths Verities of business segments (6 operating segments). One of PGs major strength is the large scale on which it operates. It produces over 300 different product and leading globally in different categories of products like beauty and health, fabric, baby, personal and home care products sold in about 180 counties in the world. PG strong brand man is one of the most successful due to its solid branding. Most of PGs products are not for all seasons Leading globally in detergent, diapers, care products. Has industry experience of over 170-year, international operations for over 25 years and extensive experience in personal and oral hygiene products. PG is one of the world best marketers has it has a wide experience in marketing in different market sectors. The acquisitions of leading of beauty and health care companies in the products in Europe. High gross profit margin. PGs profit margin is 15 times the industry average. P G is known for investing greatly in research and development for improving and developing new products. Weaknesses Ability to achieve business objectives dependent on how well can respond to local and global competitors Face risks with significant international operations A failure of a key information technology system, process or site could have a material adverse impact on our business Price paid for commodities and other materials subject to fluctuation 7 Production cost Production capacity for the demand on the first years. Leads times for alternative pack sizes and designs. Work capacity. Different culture, wants and needs of customers. Unable to protect imitation PGs innovative products and marketing strategies of competition Competitors had pre-empted them in national markets where the local subsidiary was constrained by budget or organizational limitations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Many of the top brands of P G are losing their market share rapidly. In online media leadership and presence P G is lagging behind. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The beauty and health products by P G are mostly for women. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ P G does not make and offer any private label products for the retail customers and is, missing an opportunity. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The large scale operation of the company makes the culture heavy and processes slow. This also leads to quality control problems. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ P G does not divest its weak or poor brands. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The major customers of P G are located at some of the places and it concentrates heavily as them. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ When P G acquired Clairol business in year 2001, it was unable to grow this business. The Clairol Herbal Essence brand failed to enter new markets as the market had access to better and innovative products. This shows weakness of P G in the beauty care division. Opportunities  · Research and development efforts ($2001 million spent on RD in 2011) to develop technology and obtain patents  · Worldwide reach and potential to expand into even more countries The growth of the shampoo and conditioner market. The increase of hair washing products. The undeveloped conditioner market in Europe. The experience and the leader positioning of the new companies that PG bought. The Know-how of the success of Pert Plus in the US market à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ An opportunity for P G is health and beauty products for men. With the acquisition of Gillette, the company now has several growth opportunities in this market segment. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ P G has doubled its Environmental Goals for the year 2012 and thus, promises more value for the environment concerned customers today. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Using the online social networks and internet marketing techniques is also an opportunity for P G. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Divest brands that are not in accordance or do not meet P Gs long-term goals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Company is constantly trying to pursue growth overseas. Threats  · A material change in consumer demand for products could have a significant impact on business  · Business is subject to legislation, regulation, and enforcement in the U.S. and abroad The number of suppliers and brands, the European market was even more crowed as US. The top and bottom price classes was even bigger than the US. Difference between prices for the same quality. Many important competitors. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There is a cut throat competition in the fast moving consumers goods markets today. Companies like Kimberly Clark, Unilever, Johnsons Johnsons and Colgate-Palmolive etc pose a serious threat to itsmarket share in different countries. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The competitors are making their product portfolios diverse day b day and using different marketing and promotional strategies to increase their market share. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In the market many substitutes are available for P G products at cheaper prices. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The private label growth is also a serious threat to the P Gs market share. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Due to recession, the consumer spending has decreased globally. Also, the prices for raw materials are increasing so cost to the company is increasing http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/15/us-kellogg-pringles-idUSTRE81E0S620120215

Irony in Guests of the Nation Essay -- Guests of the Nation Essays

Irony in Guests of the Nation      Ã‚   In the short story, "Guests of the Nation," Frank O'Connor uses irony to illustrate the conflict which men face when their roles as combatants force them to disregard the humanity of their enemies. In both life and literature, irony exists when there is a contrast between expectation and reality. Verbal irony is defined as "a figure of speech in which the actual intent is expressed in words which carry the opposite meaning" (Thrall 248). In dramatic irony there is a contrast between a character's perception of a situation and the actual facts. Often "some of the actors on the stage or some of the characters in a story are 'blind' to facts known to the spectator or reader" (155) . The short story "Guests of the Nation" by Frank O'Connor illustrates both types of irony.    The title of the story, "Guests of the Nation," is an example of verbal irony. In the story, the two Englishmen, Belcher and Hawkens, are not "guests," but rather prisoners of the Irish soldiers, Jeremiah Donovan, Noble, and the narrator, Bonaparte. The contrast between their "real" status as prisoners and their "apparent" role as guests is developed throughout the story. The narrator says that "I couldn't at the time see the point of me and Noble guarding Belcher and Hawkins at all, for it was my belief that you could have planted that pair down anywhere from this to Claregalway and they'd have taken root there like a native weed" (591). Thus it was obvious that the men had no intention of trying to escape; they were behaving like guests. Because of the contented, nonthreatening demeanor of the two men, Bonaparte says that "after the first day or two we gave up all pretense of keeping a close e... ... Belcher and Hawkins remain at ease, thinking themselves safe. In the end both Hawkins' futile appeal to the friendship of his "chums" and Belcher's resignation serve to emphasize the horror of the executions.    Thus, in "Guests of the Nation," Frank O'Connor uses irony to illustrate the conflict that soldiers feel when they recognize the humanity of their enemies and yet they are compelled to kill them. O'Connor suggests the soul destroying impact of the conflict in his final words: "And anything that happened to me afterwards, I never felt the same about again" (598).    Sources Cited: Thrall, William flint, Addison Hibbard, and Hugh Holman. A Handbook to Literature. New York: Odyssey, 1960. O'Connor, Frank. "Guests of the Nation." Literature for Composition. 4th ed. Sylvan Barnet, et. al. New York: Harper Collins, 1996. 590-598.